Aeronautical Pioneers The Story of Orville and Wilbur Wright

Imagine life without airplanes. Imagine a life without the security they gives us from conflicts and wars, without the ability to send packages and mail swiftly across long distances, or without the ability to travel anywhere in the world in a relatively short amount of time. Luckily we don’t have to worry about any of these things most of the time, all thanks to the â€Å"pioneers of modern aviation,† Orville and Wilbur Wright (â€Å"Orville Wright† 2). Through their successful invention and flight of the first powered aircraft, we can live better lives than what was before ever possible. Therefore, I feel it is only common sense for them to be inducted into the History Hall of Fame. To further uphold the previous statement on this matter, I†¦show more content†¦Much later, after accomplishing much in the latter part of his life, which I again will address in a later paragraph, Orville underwent two heart attacks, and alas, he died of the second on January 30 in the year 1948, and is currently buried in Dayton, Ohio (â€Å"Orville Wright† 2). Also, neither Orville nor Wilbur received matrimony during their years upon this planet (â€Å"Orville Wright† 2). The Wright brothers had many inspirations for achieving for achieving greatness in aeronautical engineering. Milton Wright, the father of the Wright brothers, came home one day, when they were young, to give Orville and Wilbur a small, functional, and helicopter toy with real moving parts, helping to develop the brother’s love for aeronautical engineering (â€Å"Wilbur Wright† 1). Also, Orville grew an interest in kites, and even began to build them after moving in 1881 to Richmond, Indiana, helping to affirm his interests in flight (â€Å"Orville Wright† 1). Roger E. Bilstein states that then later, in 1899, very seriously the brothers began to analyze and study-up on the matters of flying and engineering in that subject (Bilstein 509), and also, according to â€Å"Orville Wright,† kept up current with intelligence regarding this matter (â€Å"Orville Wright† 1). Another inspiration, Otto Lilienthal, had work of which the Wright brothers studi ed, regarding aeronautical engineering, and became a heavy reason why, after his death, they began to dabble in flightShow MoreRelatedAeronautical Pioneers: The Story of Orville and Wilbur Wright652 Words   |  3 Pagesthanks to the â€Å"pioneers of modern aviation,† Orville and Wilbur Wright (â€Å"Orville Wright† 2). Through their successful invention and flight of the first powered aircraft, we can live better lives than what was before ever possible. Therefore, I feel it is only common sense for them to be inducted into the History Hall of Fame. To further uphold the previous statement on this matter, I will tell of their life story, what ideals, principles, and motivations inspired these aeronautical intellects to Aeronautical Pioneers The Story of Orville and Wilbur Wright Imagine life without airplanes. Imagine a life without the security they gives us from conflicts and wars, without the ability to send packages and mail swiftly across long distances, or without the ability to travel anywhere in the world in a relatively short amount of time. Luckily we don’t have to worry about any of these things most of the time, all thanks to the â€Å"pioneers of modern aviation,† Orville and Wilbur Wright (â€Å"Orville Wright† 2). Through their successful invention and flight of the first powered aircraft, we can live better lives than what was before ever possible. Therefore, I feel it is only common sense for them to be inducted into the History Hall of Fame. To further uphold the previous statement on this matter, I†¦show more content†¦Later in life before famously developing the powered aircraft, they both went on to collaborate in owning two different newspapers, both of which failed (â€Å"The Wright Family†), a nd even later in 1892, they again, while both having an extraordinary passion for fixing and selling bicycles, collaborated in opening up their own shop concerning that passion (â€Å"Wilbur Wright† 1). Later, after developing the first powered aircraft in 1903, of which I will elaborate more on in a later paragraph, and demonstrating it with success in 1909, they grew a business off of their triumph, became very wealthy, even beginning to build a family estate in Dayton, Ohio with their wealth (â€Å"Orville Wright† 2), and even through first first developing stages, the brothers shared credit for everything (â€Å"Wilbur Wright† 1). Even though they were brothers and business partners in the aeronautical engineering industry, May 25, 1910 became the day where the Wright brothers flew with each other, for six minutes, for the first and only time ever in their lives (â€Å"Orville Wright† 2). That same day also became the day where the 82-year-old fat her of these pioneers in history ever flew with one of his sons, happening to be Orville (â€Å"Orville Wright† 2). Almost exactly two years later in Dayton, Ohio, on May 30, 1912, of a typhoid fever, the unfortunate death of Wilbur Wright cameShow MoreRelatedAeronautical Pioneers: The Story of Orville and Wilbur Wright1639 Words   |  7 Pagesthanks to the â€Å"pioneers of modern aviation,† Orville and Wilbur Wright (â€Å"Orville Wright† 2). Through their successful invention and flight of the first powered aircraft, we can live better lives than what was before ever possible. Therefore, I feel it is only common sense for them to be inducted into the History Hall of Fame. To further uphold the previous statement on this matter, I will tell of their life story, what ideals, principles, and motivations inspired these aeronautical intellects to

The European Colonization Of Africa - 1461 Words

The European colonization of Africa, also known as the Scramble for Africa, Partition of Africa, or Conquest of Africa, occurred between the 1870s and 1900s, and was the invasion, occupation, colonization, and annexation of African territory by European powers during a period of New Imperialism. European control of the continent increased from 10 percent (1870) to 90 percent (1914), with only three territories, Saguia el-Hamra, which was later integrated into Spanish Sahara, Ethiopia and Liberia remaining independent of Europe’s control. There were many reasons for the European colonization of Africa, including economic and political motives, with the Berlin Conference serving as a catalyst. Africans resisted the European invasions of their lands, with the two main methods of opposition were guerilla warfare and direct military engagement. European influence on Africa still remains today, though these influences are generally negative and hurt Africa’s overall developme nt. The imperatives of capitalist industrialization, including the call for guaranteed sources of raw materials, especially copper, cotton, rubber, tea, and tin (European consumers had become accustomed to, and thus depended on these resources), and the search for guaranteed markets and profitable investment outlets, which territories like the gold and diamond-rich Egypt and South Africa provided, caused the European conquest for Africa. Therefore the primary reason for European colonization in Africa wasShow MoreRelatedThe European Colonization Of Africa1855 Words   |  8 PagesMorel noticed something that would change the way the modern world viewed the colonization of Africa and the supposed â€Å"humanitarian† work there forever (Hochschild 1). Morel worked for an English shipping company that was responsible for cargo going between the Congo Free State and Belgium. What Morel noticed was that ships from Africa were filled with rich, exotic goods like rubber and ivory, but the ships headed to Africa from Belgium were filled with military members and various firearms and ammunitionRead MoreEuropean Nations And The Colonization Of Africa1492 Words   |  6 PagesAs we know so far, Africa has a long history of being faced with Conquest, Colonization, and Military Invasions from Europe since the early 1970’s and up to the 1900’s. Many were standing against the idea of being captured or colonized by these Europeans leaders and countries. The only two countries that have not been touched or colonized by Europe is Ethiopia and Liberia, unfortunately (Fortunately). Most of the Africa’s countries has been touched by European conquerors. There are three main factorsRead MoreEuropean Imperialism And The Colonization Of Africa984 Words   |  4 PagesAmongst the 1870s and 1900, Africa confronted European imperialist hostility, political pressures, military assaults, and ultimately the conquest and colonization. At the same time, African civilizations put up numerous methods of resistance against the effort to inhabit their countries and enforce foreign control. By the early twentieth century, however, much of Africa, except Ethiopia and Liberia, had been inhabited by European powers. The European imperialist drive into Africa was encouraged by threeRead MoreEuropean Justification of Colonization of Asia and Africa Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesThe principle justification offered by the Europeans for their colonization of Asia Africa was the moral and technological superiority of the western world. As the Europeans saw it, the spread of the European way of life would substantially increase living standards for the c olonized. While economic reasons were obviously the primary impetus for colonial expansion, the Europeans believed that they were not only improving the natives’ conditions, but they were saving their mortal souls by bringingRead MoreLong-term Effects of European Colonization on Africa Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesAfrica has had a long and tumultuous road of colonization and decolonization the rush to colonize Africa started in the 17th century with the discovery of the vast amounts of gold, diamonds, and rubber with colonization hitting a fever pitch during World War I. However, the repercussions of colonization have left deep wounds that still remain unhealed in the 21st century. Early on, European nations such as Britain, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany and Belgium scrambled for territories. CountriesRead MoreThe Clash of Races Africa has always been the centre of colonization for many European countries.900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Clash of Races Africa has always been the centre of colonization for many European countries. With its colonization came stereotypes of African’s being inhumane, primitive and savage in comparison to the humanity of the civilized Europeans. The tradition model simplifies the stereotypes into Africans are bad and Europeans are good. Fortunately, it is not as clear cut as this. In Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, both the Igbo of the Umuofia and the British of Europe have good sides and darkRead MoreColonialism in Africa911 Words   |  4 PagesLadonya Gatling World Civilizations II Mr. Mitchell 10:00-10:50 (MWF) Colonialism in Africa Neither imperialism nor colonialism is a simple act of accumulation nor acquisition†¦ Out of imperialism, notions about culture were classified, reinforced, criticized or rejected† (BBC World Service). The nineteenth century saw massive changes in Africa. Some were driven by famine and disease (BBC World Service). Some changes were the result of the territorial ambitions of African rulers. As the centuryRead MoreHistory And Events That Happened During The Colonization Of Africa Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesthe past are important to a country, as it has helped them develop and change who they are in the modern day. The colonization of Africa in the late 1800s-early 1900s are an example of this. The actions and events inflicted on Africa by the European powers have helped shape the continent of modern-day Africa. These events are largely significant to historians and the people of Africa, such as the first genocide of the 20th century, committed by the German powers in now what is modern day NamibiaRead MoreAnalysis Of Basil Davidson s The Black Slave Trade1248 Words   |  5 PagesOver generations, Africa has been stripped from its truth and robbed from its historic contributions. Although the people of Africa greatly contributed to the world with their countless genius innovations, their recognition was nearly nonexistent. The endured hardships that were rooted by the Europeans during and after the Trans-Atlantic slave trade has led many to believe that the continent of Africa was inhabited by degenerates. This seemed to have become the single story of Africa. Basil DavidsonRead MoreImperialism Dbq Ap European History846 Words   |  4 Pages1880 to 1914, European powers went after overseas empires in Africa. The governments and political leaders of the European powers believed that this colonization of the African empires was necessary to maintain their global influence. A second group of people supposed that African colonization was the result of the greedy Capitalists who \only cared for new resources and markets. The third group o f people claimed it to be their job to enlighten and educate the uncivilized people of Africa. Although the

Themes in Yeats’ Poetry Free Essays

Themes in Yeats’  poetry You can find many themes in Yeats’ poetry. Pick what suits your own study from the themes, comments and quotes listed below. There are 86 quotes used to illustrate themes on this page (although some of them are from poems outside the current OCR selection for AS Level). We will write a custom essay sample on Themes in Yeats’ Poetry or any similar topic only for you Order Now You will need only a short selection of these. 1. The theme of death or old age and what it leaves behind. Death of Patriotism, leaving selfishness as the norm: ‘Romantic Ireland’s dead and gone, It’s with O’Leary in the grave’ [September 1913] Death as useless sacrifice, Home Rule might be granted: ‘Was it needless death after all? For England may keep faith For all that is done and said’ [Easter 1916] A man in old age alienated vibrant youthfulness: ‘The young in one another’s arms, birds in the trees – Those dying generations – at their song’   [Sailing to Byzantium] Death of innocence: ‘The ceremony of innocence is drowned’ [Second Coming] The self in old age, forsaken by beauty: ‘when I awake some day to find they have flown away’ [Wild Swans] Death chosen out of a sense of despair: ‘A waste of breath the years behind, in balance with this life, this death’ [Airman] Death and destruction during civil war: ‘A man is killed, or a house burned †¦ the empty house†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ [Stare’s Nest] Demise of the Aristocracy and despair at the vanity of human grandeur: ‘We the great gazebo built’ [Memory] Old age and the remnants of a confined life: ‘Picture and book remain’ [Acre] In old age, contempt for the present, defiant admiration for ancestry: ‘Cast your mind on other days That we in coming days may be Still the indomitable Irishry’   [Under Ben Bulben] Facing death with contempt for overstated ceremony: ‘No marble, no conventional phrase’ [Under Ben Bulben] Death provides a sanctuary from conflict and hatred: ‘Savage indignation there Cannot lacerate his breast’ [Swift’s Epitaph] 2. The theme of disintegration, chaos, sudden change: They have gone about the world like wind’   [September 1913] ‘scatter wheeling in great broken rings Upon their clamorous wings’ [Wild Swans] ‘I have looked upon those brilliant creatures, And now my heart is sore. All’s changed’ [Wild Swans] ‘this tumult in the clouds’ [Airman] ‘All changed, changed utterly: A terrible beauty is born’   [Easter 1916] ‘Enchanted to a stone To trouble the living stream’ [Ea ster 1916] ‘Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world’ [Second Coming] ‘Consume my heart away; sick with desire And fastened to a dying animal It knows not what it is’   [Sailing to Byzantium] ‘A man is killed, or a house burned, Yet no clear fact to be discerned’ [Stare’s Nest] 3. Yeats poetry explored nature under four headings: Transience in nature’s beauty: ‘A shadow of cloud on the stream Changes minute by minute’ [Easter 1916] ‘By what lake’s edge or pool Delight men’s eyes when I awake some day To find they have flown away? ’ [Wild Swans] ‘The salmon-falls, the mackerel-crowded seas, Fish, flesh, or fowl, commend all summer long Whatever is begotten, born, and dies’ [Sailing to Byzantium] ‘But a raving autumn shears Blossom from the summer’s wreath’   [Memories] Paradoxically, Yeats saw nature as immortal in comparison to humans: ‘Their hearts have not grown old; Passion or conquest, wander where they will, Attend upon them still. [Wild Swans] The radiance of nature’s beauty: ‘I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore;’ [Inisfree] ‘The trees are in their autumn beauty, The woodland paths are dry, Under the October twilight the wa ter Mirrors a still sky’   [Wild Swans] ‘The long-legged moor-hens dive, And hens to moor-cocks call’ [Easter] ‘An acre of green grass For air and exercise’ [Acre] The unattractive side of nature: ‘The bees build in the crevices Of loosening masonry, and there The mother birds bring grubs and flies’   [Stare] ‘while all about it Reel shadows of the indignant desert birds’ [Second Coming] 4. Yeats explored the theme of immortality in various spheres. You can contrast the following quotes and issues with the many quotes and references to mortality highlighted in the quotes for themes one, two and three above. Politics—in a paradoxical way the Rising has changed politics and this force for change has become an immortal and steadfast national symbol: ‘Now and in time to be, Wherever green is worn, Are changed, changed utterly: A terrible beauty is born’ [Easter 1916] Natural beauty—the swans as a species are ageless in comparison to Yeats: ‘Their hearts have not grown old; Passion or conquest, wander where they will, Attend upon them still. ’ [Wild Swans] The cycles of history [perpetually repeating millennial patterns]: ‘And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born? [Second Coming] The soul and art transcend time: ‘Once out of nature I shall never take My bodily form from any natural thing, But such a form as Grecian goldsmiths make to s ing†¦ Of what is past, or passing, or to come’ [Sailing to Byzantium] 5. The quest for truth is fundamental, whether experienced through the emotional self, reason, imagination or at the expense of sanity. Intuitive truth: ‘I hear it in the deep heart’s core’ [Inisfree] The pursuit of national ideals at the cost of public ridicule: ‘â€Å"Some woman’s yellow hair Has maddened every mother’s son†: They weighed so lightly what they gave’ [September 1913] Pursuit of beauty and truth by a questioning spirit: ‘Among what rushes will they build, By what lake’s edge or pool Delight men’s eyes when I awake some day To find they have flown away? [Wild Swans] Truth believed in by political fanatics: ‘Hearts with one purpose alone Through summer and winter seem Enchanted to a stone’ [Easter 1916] Truth that is fanatical and yet unemotional: ‘Too long a sacrifice Can make a stone of the hear t’ [Easter 1916] Truth that is emotional, imaginative and philosophical: ‘A lonely impulse of delight Drove to this tumult in the clouds; I balanced all, brought all to mind’ [Irish Airman] Truth that is prophetic and yet based on historical cycles: ‘Surely some revelation is at hand; Surely the Second Coming is at hand’ [Second Coming] Cold, rational analysis of falsehood leading to the truth: ‘We had fed the heart on fantasies, The heart’s grown brutal from the fare; More Substance in our enmities Than in our love’ [Stare] Truth attained through educating the imagination with art: ‘Nor is there singing school but studying Monuments of its own magnificence’ [Sailing to Byzantium] Truth that is philosophical, the wisdom of old age: ‘Dear shadows, now you know it all, All the folly of a fight With a common wrong or right. The innocent and the beautiful. Have no enemy but time’ [Memories] Truth that eludes reason and imagination: ‘Neither loose imagination, Nor the mill of the mind Consuming its rag and bone, Can make the truth known’ [Acre] Contrast between a passionate confession and political truths: ‘And maybe what they say is true Of war and war’s alarms, But O that I were young again And held her in my arms’ [Politics] Truth that is sentimental, defiant, emotional: ‘Cast your mind on other days That we in coming days may be Still the indomitable Irishry’ [Ben Bulben] 6. Yeats had various visions of the model Irish society. Primitive, Celtic, peasant and rural: ‘I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree, And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made’ [Inisfree] Romantic, patriotic and heroic: ‘Yet they were of a different kind, The names that stilled your childish play, They have gone about the world like wind’ [September 1913] Pastoral and aesthetic: ‘But now they drift on the still water, Mysterious, beautiful’ [Wild Swans] Comely and simple: ‘My county is Kiltartan Cross, My countrymen Kiltartan’s poor’ [Irish Airman] Aristocratic, classical and youthful: ‘and speak of that old Georgian mansion, †¦ recall That table and the talk of youth, Two girls in silk kimonos, both Beautiful, one a gazelle’ [Memories] Heroic, feudal and ancestral: ‘Sing the peasantry, and then Hard-riding country gentlemen, The holiness of monks, and after Porter-drinkers’ randy laughter; Sing the lords and ladies gay That were beaten into the clay Through seven heroic centuries; Cast your mind on other days That we in coming days may be Still the indomitable Irishry’   [Under Ben Bulben’s Head] 7. Yeats explored conflicting dualities, often counterbalancing the ideal and the real: The beauty of nature versus the sombre monotony of city existence: ‘I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore; While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey’ [Inisfree] The meanness of municipal policy versus the generosity of patriots: ‘For men were born to pray and save: Romantic Ireland’s dead and gone’   [September 1913] Mortality of the self versus immortality of the swan species: ‘And now my heart is sore†¦ Their hearts have not grown old’   [Wild Swans] Major Robert Gregory’s ambiguous approach to fighting for his country; this involves inversion of emotion: ‘Those that I fight I do not hate, Those that I guard I do not love’ [Irish Airman] The immortality of political heroes versus the fickleness of politics: ‘Yet they were of a different kind, The names that stilled your childish playâ€⠄¢ [September 1913] ‘Yet I number him in the song; He, too, has resigned his part In the casual comedy’   [Easter 1916] The inversion of the relationship between commitment and morality: ‘The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity’   [Second Coming] Soul versus Body and Nature versus Art: ‘O sages †¦be the singing-masters of my soul. Consume my heart away†¦ Once out of nature I shall never take My bodily form from any natural thing’   [Sailing to Byzantium] Love versus hatred, moral inversion: ‘More substance in our enmities Than in our love’   [Stare] Time versus beauty: ‘But a raving autumn shears Blossom from the summer’s wreath†¦ The innocent and the beautiful Have no enemy but time’   [Memories] Love versus politics as a shaper of human destiny: ‘How can I, that girl standing there, My attention fix On Roman or on Russian Or on Spanish politics’ [Politics] The contemporary versus the historical, the plebs versus the aristocracy, the masses versus ancestors: ‘Base-born products of base beds †¦ Still the indomitable Irishry’   [Under Ben Bulben] Two contradictory positions on the duality of life and death, one neutral, the other favouring death as a refuge from the stresses of life: ‘Cast a cold eye On life, on death ’ [Under Ben Bulben] ‘SWIFT has sailed into his rest; Savage indignation there Cannot lacerate his breast’   [Swift’s Epitaph] 8. Yeats made various protests against reality during his life: Alienation from city life in London: ‘While I stand on the roadway, or on the pavements grey’ [Inishfree] Despondency at short sighted and self-serving civic attitudes regarding the 1913 lockout and hypocritical religious devotion: ‘ You have dried the marrow from the bone? For men were born to pray and save: Romantic Ireland’s dead and gone, It’s with O’Leary in the grave’ [September 1913] Hurt at disrespect for the memory of political martyrs: ‘You’d cry, â€Å"Some woman’s yellow hair Has maddened every mother’s son†: They weighed so lightly what they gave’ [September 1913] Disillusionment at war: ‘Those that I fight I do not hate, Those that I guard I do not love;’ [Airman] Disgust at insincere nationalism, patriotic bluster: ‘Being certain that they and I But lived where motley is worn†¦ The casual comedy†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚   [Easter 1916] Criticism of political fanaticism: ‘Too long a sacrifice Can make a stone of the heart. ’ [Easter 1916] Disillusion at war, lack of civic responsibility and an apocalyptic spiral: ‘Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The lood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; T he best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity’ [Second Coming] Disenchantment at materialism, hedonism and neglect of art: ‘Caught in that sensual music all neglect Monuments of unageing intellect’ [Sailing to Byzantium] Anger at the inhumanity of political ideologies: ‘We had fed the heart on fantasies, The heart’s grown brutal from the fare: More substance in our enmities Than in our love’ [Stare] Rage at the pettiness of national politics: ‘for men were born to pray and save’ [September 1913] ‘Conspiring among the ignorant’ [Memories] Fierce resistance in old age to the demise of the mind: ‘Grant me an old man’s frenzy, Myself must I remake’ [Acre] Mockery of world affairs: ‘How can I, that girl standing there, My attention fix On Roman or on Russian Or on Spanish politics? ’ [Politics] Yeats Fascistic or class hatred against the Irish working class: ‘Scorn the sort now growing up All out of shape from toe to top, Their unremembering hearts and heads Base-born products of base beds’ [Ben Bulben] Dislike of pompous burials: ‘No marble, no conventional phrase’ [Ben Bulben] Contempt for materialistic and unthinking people: ‘Imitate him if you dare, World-besotted traveller’ [Swift] How to cite Themes in Yeats’ Poetry, Papers

Global Prevention and Detection Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Global Prevention and Detection Analysis. Answer: Introduction: The recent global ransomware security attacks highlight the challenges that security managers still face and the risks that malicious users still pose on corporate IT resources. Such malware is transmitted, usually, by web pop-ups of through e-mails; it is therefore important that security managers do more to guarantee network security because of how costly disruptions of services can be costly. These attacks further demonstrate why security comes first, especially in a situation where the information and resources are stored in a network where they can be accessed remotely. Corporate networks are becoming larger and complex, as well as requiring greater flexibility than ever; this giver malicious users a bigger attack surface that they can exploit. Network security entails the practices and policies that are adopted to monitor and prevent unauthorized access to, use/ misuse, denial, modification of a computer network and resources accessible through the network. Network security inv olves providing authorizing access to resources and data within a network, controlled by the security manager of network administrator. Users are given specific IDs and credentials to authenticate users and allow access to these resources and data. Network security entails computer networks, both private and public that are used in conducting transactions, business communication, and individuals. A network used privately by a business can be accessed externally by the public; further highlighting the need to have security as being an integral component of networks. This paper discusses corporate network security in the context of Auto-Fishing Group (AG), a cooperative society of Tasmanian fishermen; the cooperative uses sophisticated technology, using UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) to locate schools of fish. AG supplies fish directly to customers from the fishermen, using its own vehicles and ten distribution centers, each of which has three vehicles and every fishermen is affiliated to a distribution center. AG uses a proprietary software that they use to process customer orders; and this helps AG fisheries manage supplies from the fishermen to receive the fish on a just in tie (JIT) approach, through an automated process with computers and the distribution vehicles and mobile devices the fishermen use. The system has a discussion group through which fishermen can post questions via the Internet; the AG cooperative provides online banking services to its members by providing banking facilities from other banks. The society also has a training center where instructions can show students the videos of fish schools directly and its network is part of the entire AG network. The society, therefore, requires guarantees that its proprietary application data, and information within the network remains secure. This paper will provide guidelines and specific policies to guarantee the network security for AG Fisheries. Information Threats and Risks at AG Fisheries The AG network faces threats both internally and externally; threat refers to anything or anyone that is a danger to the network system and its resources. External threats pertain to those that originate outside the AG organization, mainly from the environment that AG operates in. the external threats include socio-economic threats, human threats such as hackers, communication threats, network security threats, legal threats, and software threats (European Commission-Council Press, 2011). Social engineering threats where data can be stolen or misused to impersonate valid members for fraud given that the fishermen personal banking details can be accessed via the network is also another form of external threat to the AG network system. Other important threats to the AG network includes theft of personal information (Identifiable such as banking details), theft of intellectual property and theft of confidential business strategies. Physical and legal threats can entirely endanger the AG network; the threats can impact the organization for a limited time period or partially, such as denial of service attacks, while cyber crimes expose AG to legal risks, for instance, if the financial details of a fisherman are stolen or compromised, the organization could be sued (Basani, 2015). The organization is also at risk of internal threats that originate from within the AG organization. The main contributors of internal threats includes contractors, employees, or even customers and suppliers. The major internal threats include fraud, for example, of fishermens financial accounts, information destruction (possibly too hide fraud), and information misuse (Basani, 2015). Other internal threats include non-intended risks, where users open content, such as mails, that are laden with malware and unknowingly spread them over the network, destroying the network resources of AG Cooperative. Internal threats come from weak security policies such as poor authentication measures and im proper classification of information access rights, inadequate duty segregation, weak administrative passwords, systems that are not properly configured, non restricting administrator access, and non restricted access for employees (European Commission-Council, 2010). Information Security Structure and Risk Assessment at AG Cooperative Information and network security risk assessment for AG Cooperative is important for developing an integrated security policy to prevent or mitigate the said security threats. The business requirements entail accepting and processing customer orders online, getting information form fishermen on their stocks and placing orders, delivering the fish t consumers, storing customer details, including transactions and their address details, as well as the financial information of the fishermen through the online banking application. The following section explains the security policies that should be implemented at the cooperative too guarantee security of it s network resources and information. Security Policies for AG Cooperative The security policy entails the governing policy that is a high level treatment of the concepts of security important to the organization and controls all the security aspects of the organization. The governing policy encompasses the technical as well as the end-user policies. The technical policies include technical policies that guide all technical operations while the end user policies pertain to the end users policies of the what, when, where, and who. Technical security policy and its framework The security risk assessment will entail taking a framework entailing the discovery, device profiling, Scanning, and Validation Discovery: Entails establishing a the target network segment fingerprinting and includes all device addresses and their UDP, TCP, and other network services that can be accessed from the internal network. Active and passive sniffers should be used to collect traffic within the network to enable parsing and analysis. This requires active hosts to be identified, cr edentials authentication, indication of potential malware, and any other vulnerabilities. Traffic in the network, in particular, must be managed by crafting unique packets through protocols such as TCP and UDP to determine the availability of hosts. These processes all pertain to identify all possible threats (Pacquet, 2016) Device profiling: making use of the gathered information during discovery, the lit of all accessible network services, known network architectures, and IP (Internet protocol0 stack fingerprints are analyzed to identify possible trust relationships and roles every device with the network infrastructure lays, including the mobile devices and any devices in the delivery vehicles (Pacquet, 2016). Scanning: Every network service identified during discovery and profiling must be tested in phases for any known (and new) vulnerabilities; vulnerabilities include system compromises, unauthorized data access, denial of service, command execution, and information disclosure (Pacquet, 2016), (Mulins, 2007). Validation: this is the final step and entails validating or attempting to exploit all results from the vulnerability scanning; using specific tests and techniques to test for possible vulnerabilities and implement mitigation measures (Pacquet, 2016). Shewhart Cycle to Ensure Information Security The Shewhart cycle is a PCDA (plan, do, check, act) is a four stage repetitive cycle for continuous improvement of security and its business processes. Its aim is for the improvement of the quality and effectiveness withing the life cycle management of products and also for TQM (total quality management) Plan: The problems to be addressed must be defined, relevant data collected, and the root cause of the problem ascertained Do: The solution is then developed and implemented and measures for gauging effectiveness developed Check: Confirm results through prior and after data comparisons Act: The results are documented, others informed about changes to processes, and recommendations made for the problem to be addressed in the next cycle (Weiss Solomon, 2016. The main components of the network includes the routers, switches, and the firewall. The router is the security gate in the outer layer of the network; it forwards IP packets within the network to sub networks and includes outboun d and inbound networks. The router should be set to block unwanted, undesired, or unauthorized traffic to the network and be secured against re-configuration. The Firewall is for blocking all unnecessary ports while allowing traffic from only the known ports; the firewall monitors incoming and outgoing traffic and to prevent known attacks from getting to the AG web server. The firewall operating system must be regularly patched. The switch plays a minimal role to secure the network, however, they should be configured to send only specially formatted data packets. The policy should require router passwords being strengthened and encrypted; they should also be patched and updated regularly, and audited as well as set for intrusion detection. Measures to Ensure Security The security policy must be used to train and enlighten all users on the dos and donts, such as not downloading certain file types if attached to mail and providing a safe channel for anonymous reporting of suspected internal fraud/ threats. From a technical point of view, the wireless access points in the network must be encrypted, along with the routers and router passwords. Wireless network s are usually wide open and ripe for exploitation (Glance, 2017). The SSID should be hidden for the wireless network and access from the outside should be disabled for routers with web management services and the default admin password changed. All computers must have an anti virus software that is updated regularly and the web servers being run on the LAN should be placed n a DMZ. Web servers must be scanned regularly for any forms of exploits and if possible, the distribution centers should connect to the main office through a VPN (virtual private network). File print sharing on the network s hould be disabled except on the file server, with user access restricted. The disks in the servers should be set with redundancy such as RAID 6 and encrypted while the entire network should be backed up through virtualization and off-site backup, such as using a cloud service provider to guarantee BPC in the event of a disaster. For the fishermen, online banking should be authenticated using a two-step process; through the password system and from the mobile devices (Stewart, 2014) The network should provide the first line of defense to control access to the AG Cooperative resources and servers. The servers will have additional protection using their operating systems but network security level protection is still necessary to stop a deluge of attacks from reaching the serves ad other resources. The basic network components includes the router, a firewall and switch; the image below shows the way these components are arranged in a network; IDS and IPS To ensure network security, the first step entails detecting and preventing intrusion from happening in the first place. This requires the use of tools for intrusion defense (Intrusion Defense Systems -IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS). While the technologies used to achieve intrusion defense and intrusion protection, the two approaches are fundamentally different. IDS refers to the process of monitoring network events and analyzing them for possible signs of imminent threats or violations to the security policies. Intrusion prevention, on the other hand, refers to the process of undertaking intrusion detection and followed up with stopping the detected incidents. The IDS and IPS work together to ensure network security Management (Trost, 2010). The IPS/ IDS addresses the many threats that can affect the network of AG Cooperative. The AG Cooperatives has several access points to its network and to other networks, including the World Wide Web, both private and public. The ch allenge for AG Cooperative is to maintain the network security while keeping it open for the users, including the customers and the fishermen (Chapman, 2016). Advantages of the Security Policy Protecting sensitive information: The network resource swill have sensitive financial and banking information for the fishermen as well as client details and cooperative information. Protecting data will ensure they operations remain private and confidential. Aligning with best practice standards: This would help the cooperative comply with global security standards Ensure business process continuity: In the event of a disaster, essential businesses will keep running from the virtual backups and ensure essential data remains safely stored The proposed security policy will enable the detection and prevention of threats before they occur through the use of the IDS and IPS systems. The policy will also allow for continuous improvement and upgrading of the security system through the use of the Shewhart cycle and the approach of evaluation and adapting; network security is seldom constant and instead, is constantly changing, hence there is the need to continuously update and improve the network security systems. Assumptions It is assumed that the organization will have the right staff to implement the security policy; the policy also assumes that every mechanism is designed to implement a single or more parts of the security policy. The mechanisms, when united, implements all security aspects and the mechanisms and measures are correctly implemented. Further,the measures are assumed to be installed correctly and administered correctly as well. The set security policies and protocols unambiguously and correctly partitions the the set of the AG Cooperatives system states into unsecure and secure states. This assumption posits that the prescribed policy measures correctly describes and defines a secure system, such that the system is deemed to be secure. Another assumption is that the stated security policy has mechanisms that prevent the entire AG Cooperative fisheries system form getting into the unsecure state. This implies that security mechanisms, such as authentication and user privileges plus the us e of redundancy and virtual backup for continuity will ensure that the system remains safe and secure. The mechanisms can either be broad, secure, or precise. For a security mechanism to be secure, the following conditions must be met;using a formula, let S refer to the set of all the possible states (secure, broad, or precise). Let the secure states be represented by Q as the security policy specifies and the security mechanisms restrict the entire AG Cooperatives system to a variety of states termed R such that R S. the following definition should therefore hold; A security mechanism becomes secure if R Q; it is broad if the states r so that r ? R and also r Q; and it is precise when R = QIn an ideal situation, all the active security mechanisms in a system should be ideal and produce the single precise mechanism where R=Q; however, in real life, security mechanism remain broad, thus allowing the system to enter into a non-secure state (Bishop, 2005). References Basani, V., 2015. Internal vs. External Security Threats: Why Internal Is Worse Than You Expected (and What You Can Do About It). [online] EiQ Networks Blog. Available at: https://blog.eiqnetworks.com/blog/internal-vs.-external-security-threats-why-internal-is- worse-than-you-expected-and-what-you-can-do-about-it [Accessed 20 May 2017]. Bishop, M. (2005). Assumptions and Trust | An Overview of Computer Security | InformIT. [online] Informit.com. Available at: https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx? p=363728seqNum=4 [Accessed 23 May 2017]. Chapman, C. (2016). Network performance and security: testing and analyzing using open source and low-cost tools. https://nls.ldls.org.uk/welcome.html? ark:/81055/vdc_100029834340.0x000001. European Commission-Council Press. (2011). Security policy and threats. Clifton Park, NY, Course Technology Cengage Learning. European Commission-Council. (2010). Network Defense + Network Defense - Security Policy and Threats + Network Defense - Perimeter Defense Mechanisms + Network Defense - Securing and Troubleshooting Network Operating Systems + Network Defense - Security and V Fundamentals and Protocols. Cengage Learning Ptr. Glance, D. (2017). Massive global ransomware attack highlights faults and the need to be better prepared. [online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/massive- global-ransomware-attack-highlights-faults-and-the-need-to-be-better-prepared-77673 [Accessed 20 May 2017]. Paquet, C., 2016. Cisco Press. [online] Security Policies Cisco. Available at: https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=1998559seqNum=3 [Accessed 20 May 2017]. Stewart, J. M. (2014). Network security, firewalls, and VPNs.